"Ground Bounce" Result

If you’ve ever watched a micro servo motor snap to a precise angle with that satisfying click-whir, you’ve witnessed the quiet magic of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). But behind that tiny brass gear train lies a brutal battlefield of electrical noise,

You’ve spent weeks perfecting the mechanical assembly. The micro servo motor is mounted, the linkage is smooth, and the power supply looks clean on the bench. You upload the code, press the button, and... the servo twitches. It hums. It oscillates. I